– باید توجه داشت که حدوث هر یک از این چهار حالت به معنی عدم حدوث موارد دیگر نمی‌باشد. ↑
– Supra. Note. 68. ↑
– A. Sykes, “Externalities in Open Economy Antitrust and their Implications for International Competition Policy”, 23, Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 2000. ↑
– E. U. Petersmann, “Legal, Economic and Political Objectives of National and International Competition Policies: Constitutional Functions of WTO ‘Linking Principles’ for Trade and Competition”, 34, New England Law Review, 1999. ↑
– Over-Regulation ↑
– Under-Regulation ↑
– System Friction ↑
– Legal Dilemma ↑
– United States Department of Justice, “International Competition Policy Advisory Committee Final Report”, International Competition Policy Advisory Committee, United States Department of Justice (DOJ), Washington DC, 28 February 2000. ↑
– Ibid. ↑
– Ibid. ↑
– A. N. Campbell, M. J. Trebilcock, “International Merger Review: Problems of Multi-jurisdictional Conflict”, in E. Katzenbach, H. E. Scharrer, L. Waverman (eds.), “Competition Policy in an Interdependent World Economy”, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden, 1993. ↑
– Ibid. ↑
– Ibid. ↑
– به نقل از:UNCTAD, “Competition Cases Involving More Than One Country”, UNCTAD Paper, TD/B/COM.2/CLP/9, Geneva, 7 June 1999.
همچنین سایر قضایا و دعاوی حقوقی مرتبط عبارتند از:
Ford/Mazda; Compaq Computers/Tandem Computers; KPMG/Ernst & Young; Price Waterhouse/Coopers & Lybrand; Ciba Geigy/Sandoz; Montesdin/Royal Dutch Shell. ↑
– “Control of Concentrations between Undertakings Regulation”, Council of Europe Regulation 139/2004, OJ 2004 No. L24;و همچنین تحت همین عنوان در:
European Commission Regulation 802/2004, OJ L133;
و باز هم با همین عنوان در:
European Council, 21 December 1989. ↑
– Unwarranted Interference ↑
– Supra. Note. 116. ↑
– E. M. Fox, “Lessons From Boeing: A Modest Proposal To Keep Politics Out of Antitrust”, Antitrust Report, 19 November 1997;همچنین نگاه کنید:
http://www.boeing.com ↑
– Statement of Chairman R. Pitofsky and Commissioners J. D. Steiger, R. B. Starek, andC. A. Varney, The Boeing Company/McDonnell Douglas Corporation, File No. 971–0051, 27 July 1997. ↑
– Ibid. ↑
– Boeing/McDonnell Douglas, EC Case No. IV/M.877, 30 July 1997;همچنین در این مورد نگاه کنید به مقاله چاپ شده در روزنامه لس آنجلس تایمز:
J. T. Dahlburg, “Europeans Object to Boeing Takeover of McDonnell-Douglas”, Los Angeles Times, 5 July 1997. ↑
– A. F. Bavasso, “Boeing/McDonnell Douglas: Did the Commission Fly Too High?”, 19(4), European Competition Law Review, 1998. ↑
– نگاه کنید به مقاله ایینترنتی زیر:“A Warning Shot to EU Over Boeing-McDonnell”, Business Week Online, 9 July 1997. ↑
– Supra. Note. 126. ↑
– Supra. Note. 123. ↑
– Boeing/McDonnell Douglas, EC Case No. IV/M.877, 30 July 1997;همچنین نگاه کنید:
The Boeing Co., et al., “Joint Statement Closing Investigation of the Proposed Merger and Separate Statement of Commissioner Mary L. Azcuenaga”, FTC File No. 971–0051, 1 July 1997. ↑
– Ibid. ↑
– این خواستگاه آشكار در خصوص قضیه‌ای دیگر كه درباره ادغام دو شركت جنرال الكتریک و هانی وِل در سال 2001 میلادی در ایالات متحده آمریكا رخ داد نیز به وضوح مورد اشاره حقوقدانان آمریكایی قرار گرفته است. در این مورد نیز اركان اتحادیه اروپا بر این باور بودند كه چنین اقدامی آثاری سوء بر بازار اروپا خواهد داشت؛ این مسئله نیز به سمت گفتارهای و كنایه‌های دیپلماتیک قابل ملاحظه‌ای انجامید. دولت بوش كه در سالهای اول كار خود بود در آن زمان در مقابل اقدامات كنگره ایالات متحده آمریكا در خصوص تحریم اروپا از خود مقاومت نشان داد و بالاخره مسئله ادغام این دو شركت آمریكایی با دخالت كمیسیون اروپا منحل شد. در اینجا از توضیح این مورد، اولاً به دلیل عدم تكرار مكررات و اطناب بی مورد، و ثانیاً عدم ارتباط جزئی موضوع (از این رو كه با پدیده ادغام شركتها و نه مشاركت تجاری در آن روبرو هستیم)، اجتناب می‌شود و خواننده به پژوهش‌ها و تفاصیل مربوطه ارجاع می‌گردد. ↑
– Bilateral Agreements ↑li>
– Plurilateral Agreements ↑
– Multilateral Agreements ↑
– Regional Plurilateral Agreements ↑
– Passive Co-operation ↑
– Negative Comity ↑
– Positive Comity ↑
– Extension of Jurisdiction ↑
– Mutual Confidence ↑
– با توجه به جدید و منحصر به فرد بودن این اصطلاح در ادبیّات حقوق بین الملل اقتصادی، عبارت ذیل را به عنوان معادل در زبان انگلیسی توصیه می نماییم:“Quasi-progressive Bilateral Agreements on Competition Law” ↑
عکس مرتبط با اقتصاد
– Supra. Note. 65; Supra. Note. 68; Supra. Note. 69; Supra. Note. 34. ↑
– Agreement Between the Government of the US of America and the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany Relating to Mutual Co-operation Regarding Restrictive Business Practices, Bonn, 23 June 1976, 27 UST 1956, 1976, 15 ILM 1282. ↑
– Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia Relating to Co-operation on Antitrust Matters, 29 June 1982, 34 UST 3888, 1982, 21 ILM 702. ↑
– Agreement Between the Government of the US of America and the Government of Canada Relating to Mutual Co-operation Regarding Restrictive Business Practices, 1982, 23 ILM 702. ↑
– Agreement Between the Government of France and the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany Relating to Mutual Co-operation Regarding Competition Law, 1987, 26 ILM 531. ↑
– Notification ↑
– Information Exchange ↑
– Co-operation ↑
– Consultation ↑
– Fullerton Larry, Mazard Camelia C., “International Antitrust Cooperation Agreements”, 24, World Competition, 2001. ↑
– Case C-327/91, French Republic v. Commission of the European Communities, 1994, ECR, I-3641. ↑
– Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Israel Relating to Extensive Co-operation on Antitrust Issues, 19 July 1999, 342 UST 4820, 1999, 65 ILM 977. ↑
– Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Japan Relating to Extensive Co-operation on Antitrust Cases, 10 September 1999, 351 UST 4839, 1999, 67 ILM 982. ↑
– Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Brazil Relating to Extensive Co-operation on Issues of Antitrust Law , 9 June 1999, 339 UST 4818, 1999, 60 ILM 969. ↑
– Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Mexico Relating to Extensive Co-operation on Antitrust Issues, 2 October 2000, 401 UST 5080, 2000, 123 ILM 1212. ↑
– Fullerton Larry, Mazard Camelia C., op.cit. ↑
– Ibid. ↑
– OECD, “CLP Report on Positive Comity”, OECD Paper, DAFFE/CLP (99) 19, 10 June 1999. ↑
– Important Interests ↑
– US Supreme Court, EEOC vs. Arabian American Oil Co., 499 US 244, 1991; F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd. v. Empagran S.A., 542 US 155, 2004. ↑
– Fullerton Larry, Mazard Camelia C., op.cit. ↑
– Ibid. ↑
– Report of the American Bar Association on Antitrust Law Task Force on the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice, 19, 1989. ↑
– Fullerton Larry, Mazard Camelia C., op.cit. ↑
– Ibid ↑
– Ibid.همچنین نگاه کنید:
OECD, “CLP Report on Positive Comity”, op.cit. ↑
– با توجه به جدید و منحصر به فرد بودن این اصطلاح در ادبیّات حقوق بین الملل اقتصادی، عبارت ذیل را به عنوان معادل در زبان انگلیسی توصیه می نماییم:“Progressive Bilateral Agreements on Competition Law” ↑
– Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs) ↑
– T. Ellis, E. Pisani, “The US Treaties on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters: A Comparative Analysis”, 19, International Lawyer, 1985. ↑